基于网络药理学及分子对接技术研究人参-陈皮配伍治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的作用机制＊

目的 研究人参-陈皮配伍治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的主要活性成分和潜在的分子作用机制。方法 从TCMSP数据库中获取人参、陈皮的活性成分和潜在靶点，疾病靶点利用DrugBank、TTD、GeneCards数据库获取。“药物-化合物-靶点”互作网络可视化由Cytoscape3.6.1软件完成。通过绘制韦恩图得到人参、陈皮和COPD的共有靶点，运用Cytoscape平台获取共有靶点相互作用关系。通过DAVID数据库对共有靶点进行GO、KEGG富集分析。活性成分和关键靶点的分子对接由autodock vina实现，并采用体外抗炎活性实验进行验证。结果 从人参和陈皮中共筛选得到27个活性成分，800个疾病靶点，药物和疾病共有靶点70个。GO功能富集分析得到GO条目213个（P<0.01），KEGG通路富集筛选得到99条信号通路（P<0.01）。分子对接结果显示，甾醇类成分和黄酮类成分与关键靶点有较高的结合性。体外抗炎活性验证结果表明，川陈皮素、山奈酚、柚皮素、人参皂苷rh2能够减少炎症因子的分泌。结论 人参-陈皮配伍可通过多成分、多靶点和多通路调控炎症因子释放，达到治疗COPD的效果。     

Confounded association between proton pump inhibitor use and risk of biliary tract cancer: Result from three cohorts

Recent epidemiological studies suggested that proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use was associated with an increased risk of biliary tract cancer (BTC), however, confounders were not adequately controlled. Our study aimed to evaluate PPI use and subsequent risk of BTC and its subtypes in three well-established cohorts. We conducted a pooled analysis of the subjects free of cancers in UK Biobank (n = 463 643), Nurses' Health Study (NHS, n = 80 235) and NHS II (n = 95 869). Propensity score weighted Cox models were used to estimate marginal HRs of PPIs use on BTC risk, accounting for potential confounders. We documented 284 BTC cases in UK Biobank (median follow-up: 7.6 years), and 91 cases in NHS and NHS II cohorts (median follow-up: 15.8 years). In UK biobank, PPI users had a 96% higher risk of BTC compared to nonusers in crude model (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.44-2.66), but the effect was attenuated to null after adjusting for potential confounders (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.60-1.49). PPI use was not associated with risk of BTC in the pooled analysis of three cohorts (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.60-1.43). We also observed no associations between PPI use with risk of intrahepatic (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.49-2.04), extrahepatic bile duct (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.52-2.27) and gallbladder cancers (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.26-1.66) in UK Biobank. In summary, regular use of PPIs was not associated with the risk of BTC and its subtypes.     

Viral infections in critical care: a narrative review

Viral infections form a substantial part of the intensive care workload, even before the recent and ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The growing availability of molecular diagnostics for viral infections has led to increased recognition of these pathogens. This additional information, however, provides new challenges for interpretation and management. As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has amply demonstrated, the emergence and global spread of novel viruses are likely to provide continued challenges for critical care physicians into the future. This article will provide an overview of viral infections relevant to the critical care physician, discussing the diagnosis and management of respiratory viral infections, blood borne and enteric viruses. We will also discuss herpesviridae complications, commonly seen due to reactivation of latent infections. Further, we explore some rarer and emerging viruses, including recognition of viral haemorrhagic fevers, and briefly discuss post-viral syndromes which may present to the intensive care unit. Finally, we will discuss infection control and its importance in preventing nosocomial viral transmission.